This manual has been designed by the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), UNICEF and GOAL to help support Natural Leaders during the pre-triggering, triggering and follow-up of CLTS communities. The following pages will give simple examples of how to carry out each stage of CLTS. The booklet is not meant to be a script to read out whilst triggering however. A good natural leader will use his or her own methods based on their experiences and what has
been learnt during training. In this respect, this booklet merely offers guidelines to help improve their existing knowledge of CLTS.

Washington, Nov. 16, 2011:  Every year, more than 2.4 million people die from diarrheal and sanitation-related diseases – the most vulnerable and disproportionately affected are children under the age of five. In 2008, there were nearly one million deaths from diarrheal disease in Africa alone, according to the World Health Organization.

The Kerala Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project was a pioneering grassroots approach initiated by the government of India. The project aimed to revolutionize sanitation services in the South Indian state of Kerala, with the primary goal of improving public health.

This paper draws on the extensive involvement of Kamal Kar with the spread of CLTS in Africa to describe the early stages of the process, to elaborate on its developments and to outline insights into the circumstances and features which have facilitated its rapid spread.

CLTS:The Sanitation Story of the Millennium
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"Handbook on Community-led Total Sanitation", written by Kamal Kar and Robert Chambers and published by the Institute of Development Studies Sussex and Plan India in March 2008, is a manual that contains comprehensive information on Community-led Total Sanitation, its pre-triggering, triggering and post-triggering stages, as well as examples and case studies from around the world, including India. The manual will enable communities to analyse their sanitation conditions and collectively understand the impact of open defecation on public health and their environment.

"Training of Trainers' Manual on Community-driven Total Sanitation", is a training manual, published by Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) in October 2007, based on a training curriculum developed by Dr. Kamal Kar, initiator of community-led total sanitation in rural areas. This curriculum has been developed through extensive field testing and both the curriculum and guidance notes have been refined based on a series of policy discussions, workshops and interactions with national, state and local governments and expert practitioners in South Asia. The manual, consists of two volumes and is aimed at resource agencies engaged in training potential master trainers to facilitate and scale up community-driven total sanitation. It contains three interlinked modules: Guidance Notes, Trainers Notes and Reference Materials (on CD).