The study, commissioned in 2008 by WaterAid India, carries an independent qualitative assessment of Government of India’s Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) launched in 1999. The primary qualitative data generated during field visits to 40 GPs in 20 blocks across 10 districts of 5 states (2 each from a state) in India. Study states included Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Karnataka, and Tripura.